Maltese

The Maltese is one of Europe's oldest companion breeds. Small white dogs of this type were described in antiquity around the Mediterranean and are traditionally linked with the island of Malta.

Italy is now the breed's reference country with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

Affectionate, lively and playful, the Maltese loves being at the centre of family life. It is usually sociable with other dogs and can be reserved with strangers.

It copes poorly with long periods alone. With young children, play should be supervised because it is small and fragile.

The main things to watch are the teeth (tartar), kneecaps, eyes (tear staining) and, in puppies, low blood sugar. Some lines have liver problems.

Regular veterinary check-ups and careful dental care help it live a long life.

It needs small portions of food for very small dogs. Treats and table scraps quickly lead to weight gain and digestive upsets.

Puppies should have several small meals a day.

Daily walks and play at home are enough. It also enjoys short training sessions.

A harness is better than a collar.

In summer a short clip keeps it comfortable; walk it in the cool hours and avoid scorching ground. Its white coat picks up city dust easily, so plan for regular grooming.

Its long, fine coat barely sheds but tangles easily: brush daily if kept long, or choose a regular short clip at the groomer. Clean around the eyes every day.

Tooth brushing is essential.